Tụnyere moto mkpali ọkụ eletrik ọdịnala, igwe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide, ọkachasị moto magnetik na-adịgide adịgide, nwere usoro dị mfe yana ọrụ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya.Obere olu na obere arọ;Ọnwụ dị ala na arụmọrụ dị elu;Ụdị na nha nke moto ahụ nwere ike ime mgbanwe na iche iche.Ya mere, ngwa ngwa dị oke oke, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ nile nke ikuku, nchebe mba, mmepụta ihe mmepụta ihe na ọrụ ugbo na ndụ kwa ụbọchị.A na-ewebata njirimara na ngwa nke ọtụtụ moto magnet na-adịgide adịgide n'okpuru.
1. Tụnyere omenala generators, obere ụwa na-adịgide adịgide magnet synchronous generators adịghị mkpa ileghara yiri mgbanaka na ahịhịa ngwaọrụ, na mfe Ọdịdị na belata ọdịda ọnụego.Igwe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide nke ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe nwekwara ike ịbawanye njupụta ikuku magnetik, bulie ọsọ moto ahụ ruo n'uru kacha mma yana melite oke ike-na-ọka.Ndị na-emepụta ihe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide na-adịghị ahụkebe bụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe niile na-eji ụgbọ elu na igwe na-emepụta ikuku ugbu a.Ngwaahịa ya na-ahụkarị bụ 150 kVA 14-pole 12 000 r / min ~ 21 000 r / min na 100 kVA 60 000 r / min obere ụwa cobalt na-adịgide adịgide magnet synchronous generators nke General Electric Company nke America rụpụtara.Igwe ihe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide nke ụwa nke mbụ mepụtara na China bụ igwe na-emepụta ihe ndọta 3 kW 20 000 r/min na-adịgide adịgide.
A na-ejikwa ndị na-emepụta ihe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide dị ka ihe inyeaka maka nnukwu turbo-generators.N'afọ ndị 1980, China rụpụtara ihe enyemaka magnet na-adịgide adịgide n'ụwa nke nwere ikike nke 40 kVA～160 kVA, ma nwee 200 MW ~ 600 MW turbo-generators, nke mere ka ntụkwasị obi nke ọrụ ọdụ ike dịkwuo mma.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eji nke nta nke nta na-ewulite obere igwe na-emepụta ihe nke igwe ọkụ dị n'ime, ndị na-emepụta ihe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide maka ụgbọ ala, na obere igwe ikuku magnet na-adịgide adịgide nke wiil ikuku na-ebugharị ozugbo.
2. Elu arụmọrụ na-adịgide adịgide magnet synchronous moto tụnyere induction moto, magnet synchronous moto na-adịgide adịgide adịghị mkpa reactive excitation ugbu a, nke nwere ike budata mma ike ihe (ruo 1 ma ọ bụ ọbụna capacitive), belata stator ugbu a na stator iguzogide ọnwụ, na ọ dịghị rotor ọla kọpa ọnwụ n'oge kwụsiri ike ọrụ, si otú ibelata onye ofufe (obere ikike moto nwere ike ọbụna wepụ onye ofufe) na kwekọrọ ekwekọ ifufe esemokwu ọnwụ.Tụnyere moto induction nke otu nkọwapụta, arụmọrụ nwere ike ịbawanye site na pasent 2 ~ 8.Ọzọkwa, moto synchronous magnet na-adịgide adịgide nwere ike idobe arụmọrụ dị elu na ihe ike na oke ibu nke 25% ~ 120%, nke na-eme ka mmetụta nchekwa ike dị ịrịba ama mgbe ọ na-agba ọsọ n'okpuru ibu.N'ozuzu, ụdị moto a na-eji mmalite winding na rotor, nke nwere ike ịmalite ozugbo na ụfọdụ ugboro na voltaji.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikarị ya na mpaghara mmanụ, ụlọ ọrụ textile na kemịkalụ, ụlọ ọrụ seramiiki na iko, fan na nfuli nwere ogologo oge ọrụ kwa afọ, wdg.
The NdFeB magnetik synchronous moto na-adịgide adịgide nke nwere oke arụmọrụ yana oke mmalite dị elu nke obodo anyị mepụtara n'onwe ya nwere ike dozie nsogbu nke "nnukwu ụgbọ ịnyịnya na-adọkpụ" na ngwa mmanụ.Ntugharị mmalite bụ 50% ~ 100% karịa nke moto induction, nke nwere ike dochie moto induction na ọnụ ọgụgụ isi buru ibu, yana ọnụego nchekwa ike bụ ihe dịka 20%.
N'ime ụlọ ọrụ textiles, oge ibu nke inertia buru ibu, nke na-achọ nnukwu ihe mgbagwoju anya.Nhazi ezi uche dị na ya nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ntanye na-enweghị ibu, oke ogwe dị nro, nguzogide rotor, nha magnet na-adịgide adịgide na ntụgharị stator nke magnet synchronous moto na-adịgide adịgide nwere ike melite arụmọrụ traction nke moto magnet na-adịgide adịgide ma kwalite ngwa ya na ụlọ ọrụ akwa na kemịkalụ ọhụrụ.
Ndị fan na nfuli a na-eji na nnukwu ọdụ ọkụ, ogbunigwe, mmanụ ala, kemịkalụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ bụ nnukwu ndị na-eri ike, mana arụmọrụ na ike nke moto eji eme ihe ugbu a dị ala.Iji NdFeB magnetik na-adịgide adịgide ọ bụghị naanị na-eme ka arụmọrụ na ike dị ike dịkwuo mma, na-echekwa ike, ma nweekwa usoro enweghị brush, nke na-eme ka ntụkwasị obi nke ọrụ dịkwuo mma.Ugbu a, 1 120kW magnet synchronous moto na-adịgide adịgide bụ asynchronous kachasị ike n'ụwa na-amalite ịrụ ọrụ dị elu nke na-adịghị ahụkebe ụwa na-adịgide adịgide magnet moto.Ọrụ ya dị elu karịa 96.5% (otu nkọwapụta moto arụmọrụ bụ 95%), yana ike ya bụ 0.94, nke nwere ike dochie moto nkịtị na akara ogo 1 ~ 2 buru ibu karịa ya.
3. AC servo na-adịgide adịgide magnet moto na brushless DC na-adịgide adịgide magnet moto ugbu a na-eji ike na-agbanwe ugboro ugboro na AC moto na-etolite AC ọsọ njikwa usoro kama DC moto njikwa ọsọ ọsọ.N'ime moto AC, ọsọ nke moto synchronous magnet na-adịgide adịgide na-eme ka mmekọrịta ya na ugboro nke ọkụ eletrik n'oge arụ ọrụ kwụsiri ike, nke mere na enwere ike iji ya ozugbo na sistemụ njikwa ọsọ ọsọ na-emeghe-loop.Ụdị moto a na-amalitekarị site n'iji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abawanye ugboro ugboro nke ihe ntụgharị.Ọ dịghị mkpa ịtọ mmalite winding na rotor, na brush na commutator na-ahapụkwa ya, ya mere mmezi ahụ dị mma.
Igwe magnetik na-adịgide adịgide nke onwe ya bụ nke magnet synchronous moto na-adịgide adịgide na-akwado site na ntụgharị ugboro ugboro na usoro njikwa mechiri emechi nke ọnọdụ rotor, nke na-abụghị naanị nwere ezigbo njikwa ọsọ ọsọ nke moto DC nwere obi ụtọ, kamakwa ọ na-achọpụta enweghị ahịhịa.A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'oge nwere oke njikwa ziri ezi na ntụkwasị obi, dị ka ụgbọ elu, ikuku ikuku, ngwa igwe CNC, ebe a na-eji ígwè ọrụ, robots, ụgbọ ala eletrik, akụkụ kọmputa, wdg.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, etolitela NdFeB magnet magnet synchronous moto na sistemu draịva nwere oke ọsọ na oke ike Gao Heng, yana oke ọsọ nke 1: 22 500 na oke oke nke 9 000 r / min.Njirimara nke arụmọrụ dị elu, obere mkpọtụ, mkpọtụ dị ala na njupụta dị elu nke moto magnet na-adịgide adịgide bụ igwe kachasị mma na ụgbọ ala eletrik, ngwaọrụ igwe na ngwaọrụ ịnya ụgbọ ala ndị ọzọ.
Site na mmụba nke ụkpụrụ ndụ ndị mmadụ na-aga n'ihu, ihe ndị a chọrọ maka ngwa ụlọ na-abawanye elu.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ikuku ikuku nke ụlọ abụghị naanị nnukwu onye na-azụ ahịa, kamakwa isi iyi nke mkpọtụ.Usoro mmepe ya bụ iji moto magnet brushless DC na-adịgide adịgide nwere ụkpụrụ ọsịsọ na-adịghị.Ọ nwere ike na-akpaghị aka na-agbanwe na ọsọ kwesịrị ekwesị dị ka mgbanwe nke ụlọ okpomọkụ na-agba ọsọ ruo ogologo oge, na-ebelata mkpọtụ na ịma jijiji, na-eme ka ndị mmadụ nwee ahụ iru ala, na-echekwa 1/3 nke ọkụ eletrik ma e jiri ya tụnyere ikuku ikuku na-enweghị nhazi ọsọ ọsọ.Igwe nju oyi ndị ọzọ, igwe ịsa akwa, ndị na-anakọta uzuzu, fan, wdg na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbanwe ka moto DC na-enweghị brush.
4. Magnet na-adịgide adịgide DC moto DC moto na-anabata ihe ndọtị magnet na-adịgide adịgide, nke ọ bụghị naanị na-ejigide njirimara njikwa ọsọ ọsọ na njiri arụ ọrụ nke moto DC nke ọkụ eletrik, mana nwekwara njirimara nke usoro dị mfe na teknụzụ, obere olu, oriri ọla kọpa dị ala, dị elu. arụmọrụ, wdg n'ihi na a na-ahapụkwa ikuku mkpali na mfu mkpali.Ya mere, a na-eji moto magnet DC na-adịgide adịgide site na ngwa ụlọ, ngwa eletrọnịkị, ngwa eletriki na ọsọ ọsọ na usoro nnyefe ọnọdụ nke chọrọ ịrụ ọrụ ike dị mma.N'etiti micro DC Motors n'okpuru 50W, magnetik Motors na-adịgide adịgide na-akpata 92%, ebe ndị nọ n'okpuru 10 W nwere ihe karịrị 99%.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala China na-eto ngwa ngwa, ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala bụ ndị kasị ukwuu na-eji moto magnet na-adịgide adịgide, bụ́ isi ihe dị n'ụgbọ ala.N'ime ụgbọ ala okomoko dị oke ọnụ, enwere ihe karịrị moto 70 nwere ebumnuche dị iche iche, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ magnetik DC micromotors dị ala na-adịgide adịgide.Mgbe NdFeB magnetik na-adịgide adịgide na ngwa mbara ala na-eji moto mmalite maka ụgbọ ala na ọgba tum tum, ogo nke moto mmalite nwere ike belata site na ọkara.
Nhazi nke moto magnetik na-adịgide adịgide
Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị ndọta na-adịgide adịgide.Dị ka ọrụ nke moto si dị, enwere ike kewaa ya ụzọ abụọ: generator magnet na-adịgide adịgide na moto magnet na-adịgide adịgide.
Enwere ike ikewa moto magnet na-adịgide adịgide gaa na igwe ndọta DC na-adịgide adịgide na igwe ndọta AC na-adịgide adịgide.Igwe ndọta AC na-adịgide adịgide na-ezo aka na moto synchronous multi-phase nwere rotor magnet na-adịgide adịgide, yabụ a na-akpọkarị ya magnet synchronous moto na-adịgide adịgide (PMSM).
Enwere ike ikewa moto magnet na-adịgide adịgide na magnetik brushless DC Motors na magnet brushless DC Motors (BLDCM) ma ọ bụrụ na ekewapụtara ha dabere ma enwere ọkụ eletrik ma ọ bụ ndị na-ebugharị.
N'oge ugbu a, tiori na nkà na ụzụ nke ike ọgbara ọhụrụ eletrọnịkị na-etolite nke ukwuu n'ụwa.Site na ọbịbịa nke ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị ike, dị ka MOSFET, IGBT na MCT, ngwaọrụ njikwa enweela mgbanwe dị mkpa.Ebe ọ bụ na F. Blaceke webatara ụkpụrụ nke njikwa vector nke AC moto na 1971, mmepe nke teknụzụ njikwa vector amalitela oge ọhụrụ nke njikwa ụgbọ ala AC servo, na-achụpụkwa microprocessors dị elu dị iche iche, na-eme ka mmepe ahụ dịkwuo elu. nke AC servo usoro kama DC servo usoro.Ọ bụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere na sistemụ AC-I servo na-anọchi sistemụ servo DC.Agbanyeghị, moto synchronous magnet na-adịgide adịgide (PMSM) nwere sinusoidal back emf na brushless DC moto (BLIX ~) nwere trapezoidal back emf ga-abụ isi ihe na-emepe sistemu AC servo dị elu n'ihi ọmarịcha arụmọrụ ha.